陕西省鸟类调查初报

从2002年5月至2006年10月,采用路线调查法和定点调查法,对陕西省鸟类资源进行了初步的调查与研究,对过去文献记载的种类进行了修订,经过5年多的调查,目前陕西省共有鸟类465种,隶属18目69科,其中含省级鸟类新纪录37种.     

中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科三新属新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae 4属4种,其中包括3新属4新种：Longifurcula hejiafangensi gen.et sp.nov,Ladinochorista lata gen.et sp.nov.,Allochorista erdosensis gen.et sp.nov.,Itaphlebia tongchuanensis sp.nov..化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩.这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群铜川昆虫组合的新成员（属陕西动物群、陕西生物群的一个类别）.根据前人的植物、孢子、双壳、叶肢介、介形虫、昆虫化石等的研究结果,铜川组的时代划归中三叠世,相当于欧洲中三叠世拉丁尼期（Ladinian stage）.     

仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(昆虫纲,长翅目)在中国陕西首次发现

报道迄今仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(meropeids)在中国陕西发现.经研究确定1新属1新种:Sinothuama ladinica gen.et sp.,归入仙女蝎蛉科Meropeidae Handlisch,1906.此次这类化石的发现,其意义在于:首次发现迄今世界上仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(meropeids),从而打破了俄国学者发现最古老仙女蝎蛉化石在晚三叠世所保持30余年的纪录;并根据从晚三叠世至新生代中仙女蝎蛉化石的不同种类所反映出来的脉序变化特征,推论仙女蝎蛉早期分异于在三叠纪,继承和发展于侏罗纪.化石采自中国陕西铜川地区中三叠统铜川组(Tr2t),时代相当于欧洲标准时代的拉丁尼期(Ladinian stage).     

Correlation between the animal community structure and environmental factors in Jialiang and Boduo caves of Guizhou Province, China

1045 samples collected in Boduo cave belong to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 13 orders, 27 families and 45 species or groups. 469 samples collected in Jialiang cave were subordinated to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders, 24 families and 52 species or groups. According to the analysis of the community diversity, the communities that have the highest values of richness, diversity, maximum diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity are D (8.3223), D (3.4677), D (3.8286), D (0.9057), C (0.0404) and D-E (0.6611), respectively. According to the analysis of Pearson correlation, the content of organic matter in soil is strongly positively related to species number, species richness, community diversity and maximum community diversity, and is significantly positively related to the evenness. The content of CO2 in air is opposite to the above result and is negatively related to species number, species richness, community diversity, maximum community diversity and evenness. The results indicate that the contents of organic matter and CO2 are the important factors influencing the community structure of cave animals.     

Limited phylogeographic structure in the flightless ground beetle, Calathus ruficollis, in southern California

The California Floristic Province is home to more than 8000 species of beetles, yet their geographical patterns of supra- and infraspecific diversity remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the phylogeography and population demographics of a flightless ground beetle, Calathus ruficollis (Coleoptera: Carabidae), in southern California. We sampled 136 specimens from 25 localities divided into 10 populations using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. We tested several hypotheses, including the association of geography with particular clades and populations, the degree of differentiation among regions, and the expansion of populations. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses along with nested clade analysis and amova indicate a deep split between the southern Sierra Nevada population and populations south and west. This split corresponds closely to the split between subspecies C. ruficollis ignicollis (southern Sierra Nevada) and C. ruficollis ruficollis . Populations otherwise exhibit limited geographical structure, though F st values indicate some local differentiation. Mismatch distributions and Fu's F s indicate range expansion of several populations, suggesting that some structure may have been obscured by recent exchange. The population of C. ruficollis on Santa Cruz Island, which might have been expected to be isolated, shares several haplotypes with mainland populations, appearing to represent multiple colonizations.     

Correlation between the animal community structure and environmental factors in Jialiang and Boduo caves of Guizhou Province, China

1045 samples collected in Boduo cave belong to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 13 orders, 27 families and 45 species or groups. 469 samples collected in Jialiang cave were subordinated to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders, 24 families and 52 species or groups. According to the analysis of the community diversity, the communities that have the highest values of richness, diversity, maximum diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity are D (8.3223), D (3.4677), D (3.8286), D (0.9057), C (0.0404) and D-E (0.6611), respectively. According to the analysis of Pearson correlation, the content of organic matter in soil is strongly positively related to species number, species richness, community diversity and maximum community diversity, and is significantly positively related to the evenness. The content of CO2 in air is opposite to the above result and is negatively related to species number, species richness, community diversity, maximum community diversity and evenness. The results indicate that the contents of organic matter and CO2 are the important factors influencing the community structure of cave animals.     

The Shanita fauna (Permian foraminifera) from Baoshan area, western Yunnan Province, China

Studies in the past decade have proven the Shanita fauna to be an excellent marker of the northern peri-Gondwana tectonic blocks.Thus,a study of the Shanita fauna from the Baoshan area in western Yunnan Province,China,could provide pivotal paleontological evidence for the paleogeographic reconstruction of the Baoshan block.We systematically analyzed the composition and the age of the Shanita fauna from the Permian Da'aozi Formation in Woniusi Section of the Baoshan area.Results suggested that the characteristic genera Shanita and Hemigordiopsis in this fauna comprised eight species (including two new species),and ten genera of other nonfusulinid foraminifera were also recognized from this fauna.Further comparative study showed that the Shanita fauna from the Baoshan area were probably late Maokouan (Lengwuan)to Wuchiapingian in age.In general composition,this fauna is comparable to those Shanita faunas from Shan State of Burma,Peninsular Thailand,and Nagri of Tibet,China.However,the relatively low generic diversity and occurrence of some endemic species,as well as the absence of fusulinids,indicate certain regional features of the Shanita fauna from the Baoshan area.     

青海曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群(上三叠统)遗迹化石

首次对青海南部曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群上部(上三叠统)遗迹化石进行了系统采集,共采获遗迹化石33属54种。据遗迹化石的形态、习性、水深等环境成因特征,可划分为两类组合:一类以Cosmorhaphe,Helminthopsis,Helminthoida,Megagrapton,Paleodictyon等为主,产生于浊流事件前;另一类以Chondrites,Neo-nereites,Palaeophycus,Phycosiphon,Planolites,Zoophycos等为主,产生于浊流事件后,两者均为半深海-深海Nereites遗迹相的典型代表,反映晚三叠世研究区应为浊流沉积发育的复理石相沉积。     

陕南早寒武世ANABARITES壳体内部结构及亲缘关系探讨

陕南灯影组宽川铺段的小壳化石具完好的三维保存方式。Anabarites是三辐射对称、单管底栖群居生物,亲缘关系不明。作者通过对陕南宁强下寒武统宽川铺段进行数次系统采样,经过对样品的醋酸溶蚀处理和电子扫描电镜照像后,发现Anabarites壳体内部具螺旋状微结构;经测试分析后认为该结构可能与中槽的深浅成正相关,两者的形成可能与微环境中水体的变化有关。探讨其可能的亲缘关系及其演化序列。     

山东藨草属苞片下表皮微形态的研究

利用光学显微镜对山东产藨草属（Scirpus）11个类群的苞片下表皮微形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明,该属11个种的苞片下表皮微形态根据脉间气孔器列数可以分为两个类型,其中类型Ⅰ：脉间气孔器为4~12列,又可分为2个亚类型;类型Ⅱ：脉间气孔器为1~2列,又可分为4个亚类型。研究表明：藨草属苞片下表皮微形态支持藨草属中藨草亚属和秆状苞藨草亚属的划分;支持藨草亚属中具球茎藨草组和丝状刚毛藨草组的划分;支持秆状苞藨草亚属中藨草组的成立;对于湖边藨草组提出了不同的处理意见：该组仅包括青岛藨草S.trisetosusTang etWang和藨草S.triqueterL.两种,并将剑苞藨草S.ehrenbergiiB cklr.和水葱S.validusVahl分别独立成组,其新组名分别为：Sect.EhrenbergiiF.Z.Li,＆L.N.Liu sect.nov.,Sect.ValidusF.Z.Li,＆L.N.Liu sect.nov.。